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I feel very presumptuous and uncomfortable about trying to explain out loud the things Ibelieve in. But I do think that all human problems are in some way related to each other, soperhaps if people compare their experiences they may discover something in common in huntingthe answers.
I am a very fortunate man for I lead a full and what is for me a happy life. I say this eventhough I happen to have had, in the course of it, a couple of severe personal blows.
My first wife collapsed and died one day while she and I were ice skating, after eighteen years ofa most happy existence together. My only son, a sergeant in the army combat engineers, waskilled in Italy in the last war. Nevertheless, these tragedies did not throw me completely and Ihave been able to fill my life anew with happiness.
I do not mean to sound calloused. Those blows hurt me deeply. I guess that two basicallyimportant things helped me most to recover. One is the fact that I have come to see life as agamble. The other is a belief in what some people call the hereafter. I try to live fully so thatwhen and if my luck changes there will be little room for regret or recrimination over time lost ormisspent. My belief in the hereafter is wrapped in the intangible but stubborn thoughts of alayman. Very likely I would get lost in trying to describe or defend, by cold logic, my belief inGod but nobody could argue me out of it.
I have come to believe that I owe life as much as it owes me, and I suppose that explains thisfine satisfaction I get out of endeavoring to do a job to the best of what ability I have, and outof helping somebody else.
As a kid I used to ride a rake in the hayfields. I got a tremendous kick out of trying to sweepevery field clean as a whistle. Here I made a surprising and happy discovery: that there couldbe actual enjoyment in the exercise of thoroughness and responsibility, and that duty didn’thave to be a drudge.
I don’t know exactly why, but I like to do things for other people. Not only , work on a hospital board, and various church organizations but also the mostinconsequential things that might hardly seem worth the time. My office happens to be onIndependence Square and now and then I have occasion to direct a tourist to the Liberty Bell orfill him in on a little of the history of Philadelphia. The tourist doesn’t seem to mind and it makesme feel good. I’m afraid I’m not very profound. I have tried to comprehend why somethingso simple and so sound as the Golden Rule is so often forgotten or held in disrepute. I canonly say—and I say this quite selfishly—that I have found it a good investment. It has paid me avery high return, undoubtedly more than I deserve.
我想,若是大声解释我的信仰,不仅会给人一种自大的感觉,也会使我感到不安。但是我认为,从某种程度上来说,人类所有的问题都是息息相关的。因此,倘若人们比较一下他们的经历,也许就能在寻找答案的过程中发现某些共同之处。
我是一个幸运的人,因为我的生活充实而幸福。不管怎样,我依然会这么说,即使曾经的多次不幸给我带来了沉重的打击。我与第一个妻子共同度过了18年幸福的婚姻生活,然而在我们去滑冰的那天,她突然倒下,撒手人寰。我唯一的儿子是一名工兵军士,二战期间,在意大利阵亡。然而,我并没有被这些不幸彻底打倒,而是再次让我的生活充满幸福。
我并不是想让大家觉得我冷酷无情。这些不幸确实对我造成了很大的伤害。我想我之所以能够重新振作起来,其中有两个重要的原因:一是我认为生活其实就是一场赌博,二是我对人们所说的来世深信不疑。为了在晦运时,不至于因虚度时光而后悔或自责,我努力让自己充实地生活。作为一个普通信徒,无形而坚定的思想正是我信仰来世的来源。我信仰上帝,也许我难以用冷冰冰的逻辑来描述这个信仰或为它辩护,但谁也无法说服我放弃它。
我相信,我对生活付出多少,就会得到多少。因此,我认为,我最大的满足正是来源于尽自己最大的努力去做一份工作或是帮助别人。
孩提时,我常会在干草地上开耙草机。在将每片草地耙干净的过程中,我总会获得极大的成就感,并惊奇地发现:尽心而尽责地完成一件事会为你带来真正的快乐,而尽责也并不一定是做苦工。
我很喜欢为人服务。我不仅为家庭负责,在一家医院的理事会及各种教会组织中工作,我还会去做一些看似浪费时间的最无关紧要的琐事。我的办公室正好在独立广场,因此我偶尔会为去独立钟的游客带路,一路上给他讲一些费城的历史。虽然游客并不在乎这些,但我却乐此不疲。我自己并非知识渊博之人。我常常想弄明白,像黄金定律那样简单而合理的箴言为何总被人们遗忘或不屑一顾。我只能说,也自私地说,我发现为人服务是一项最成功的投资。毫无疑问,它给予我的回报远远高于我的应得。
Last night I fell asleep, even the dream is not as clear as ever.
Wake up at six in the morning, eyes still closed, open ears, the habit of waiting, waiting for the sound of birds frolic rush me. But today seems to be unable to do so, the ears of birds, by twos and threes is sparse, not the style of the past. Get a look at the balcony area with a thin layer of water, it became the hope for a long time, the rain has quietly from the dream of, without a trace of wind, quietly falling in the balcony, garden, give me joy, bring a morning.
Standing on the balcony, the habit of looking toward the East sky, in the past, there is the illusion of region, today, was relieved of rain heavy makeup, a rare white makeup. The rain washed Lai mountain, showing a dark green before the ink is dry. A mountain, also learn Qian Tang wave shape, from the sky, turning forward and downward wrapped, will be a mountain as the wye. The large mountains on the southwest side are also connected by clouds and fog. They are running aimlessly around the mountain under the direction of the wind, and they are covered with a thin mass, like a crumpled yarn, which covers the large mountains. Along the ridge, there is a big windmill, with only a faint blade of wind in the clouds, far away, like the artifact that stirs the sea of clouds.
The rain was so low-key and soft, but it was very unexpected. In this area the sands Jianggan hot valley, the weather has always been as hot tempered temper upright man, it was a sunny sunny, cloudless; rain, just under the doctrine of the mean, it is never jifengzhouyu! Character, because, in its chest hall, in addition to coal, iron is. But anyway, it's so soft and occasional, it's very good for me.
Downstairs banyan tree, for three years, in the M care, now, has returned to the two floor restaurant a window shade, four seasons cool. Yesterday is a tree full of birds, cicadas, today, do they have to run where rain, leaving a window the rain entangles in the ear.
Banana, is the ancient rain liangpeng. For those fond memories of childhood, also for the rain beat the rhythm of the banana, last year deliberately from the farmland for a plant, now is already the five son around the knee. Large slender banana leaves, natural long side faces a zithers, spread into the air, as if waiting for such a rainy season, waiting for God's hand to get Xu light bomb. Think of the ^v^rain beat banana^v^ that you've been thinking about, and why don't you listen carefully and see if you can hear a little bit of poetry?. So, I was leaning out of the window, to the ear that a fine rain, tell which is a rhyme from rain, unfortunately, Teana is not easily leaked to the laity. It will be a little closer, distance closer? I put Kampuchea back to the upstream of the palm leaf hat, who came to the tree from the back door close to run a few steps, and this maner is rain in the dry brown leaf on the crackling rain as voiceless, dry Dutch general sounds. It seems that this time can not listen to the rain playing banana.
It was close to the edge of the papaya tree wax, palm leaved lace slightly involute, from upstairs to see Ye Fangru, a fine dew plate shape. The crystal raindrops fall, it is a careful income intraday, chest stand as respectful nod, a reception for guests like.
The moist night rain garden, lawn, a restless state, become green thrown up. Only pine peony some difficult, wore a bulging buds, no sun, it will be like? I'm a little worried about it for. Out a look, such as his pocket like peony flowers open, decorated by raindrops, it has an indescribable charm, from the flower of love arise spontaneously. Hibiscus and Bougainvillea on the side of the road in the rain is still warm, open, Xingxingdiandeng, became a real Rare Rainy day.
I thought, the rain sky, a gray, it is lonely. M two surprise call, but let me see another version. As I look down his fingers over the trees looked at low altitude, some brave bird, through ups and downs in the thick rain. ^v^I don't know why they fly in the rain,^v^ M said. ^v^Wait a minute and you'll understand.^v^. Sure enough, the bird flight area, I gradually found that there are some imperceptible insects and also wandering in the rain, to take their own lives to lure birds rather baffling. The birds are also quite appreciate, everyone is smart air hunter, they found that flies in circles, aerial reconnaissance fast chase, a mouth, began to look for the next target, again, never. M is the same way, will be standing in the doorway, with his eyes chasing a kite drifting bird.
And I sit at the window, with the rain outside the window, read two pages of books, write two lines of words, the heart is also moist.
I went to visit one of our teachers with some of my classmates this morning. Miss Jones is our English teacher and she likes all the classmates. She tried so hard to help us to improve our English. We went to her flat and had lunch there with her. We had a good time.
今天早上我跟同学去看了我们老师。Jones小姐是我们的英语来时。她对每个学生都很好。他花了很大力来帮我们供给我们的英语。我们去了她的公寓,一起吃了午餐。我们过的很开心
Extend the Miracle
My skills, my mind, my heart, and my body will stagnate, rot, and die lest I put them to good use. I have unlimited potential. Only a small portion of my brain do I employ; only a paltry amount of my muscles do I flex. A hundredfold or more can I increase my accomplishments of yesterday and this I will do, beginning today.
Nevermore will I be satisfied with yesterday's accomplishments nor will I indulge, anymore, in self-praise for deeds which in reality are too small to even acknowledge. I can accomplish far more than I have, and I will, for why should the miracle which produced me end with my birth? Why can I not extend that miracle to my deeds of today?
And I am not on this earth by chance. I am here for a purpose and that purpose is to grow into a mountain, not to shrink to a grain of sand. Henceforth will I apply all my efforts to become the highest mountain of all and I will strain my potential until it cries for mercy.
I have been given eyes to see and a mind to think and now I know a great secret of life for I perceive, at last, that all my problems, discouragements, and heartaches are, in truth, great opportunities in disguise. I will no longer be fooled by the garments they wear for mine eyes are open. I will look beyond the cloth and I will not be deceived.
我的技艺,我的头脑,我的心灵,我的身体,若不善加利用,都将随着时间的流逝而迟钝,腐朽,甚至死亡。我的潜力无穷无尽,脑力、体能稍加开发,就能超过以往的任何成就。从今天开始。我就要开发潜力。
我不再因昨日的成绩沾沾自喜,不再为微不足道的成绩目吹自擂。我能做的比已经完成的更好。我的出生并非最后一样奇迹,为什么自己不能再创奇迹呢?
我不是随意来到这个世上的。我生来应为高山。而非草芥。从今往后,我要竭尽全力成为群峰之巅。将我的潜能发挥到最大限度。
我有双眼,可以观察;我有头脑,可以思考。现在我已洞悉了一个人生中伟大的奥秘。我发现,一切问题、沮丧、悲伤,都是乔装打扮的机遇之神。我不再被他们的外表所蒙骗,我已睁开双眼,看破了他们的伪装。
My name is am thirty years old .I graduated from the college of work in fuxin county my family ,there are two people,my wife and me. My wife works in a primary school. She is very lovely and beautiful。Im a bit shy but I love to make friends。
I am very tall. I have two big eyes and a long like meat、 vegetables and like reading books . They are about sports and literature.
In my spare time, I like to play computer have got a new like soccer、basketball and baseball. But basketball is my favourite. I usually play basketball at the weekend.
Since the Eskimos of Cape Dorset began making prints in 1959, their graphics have continuedto delight art lovers around the world. Interest has spread, not only in the south but to Arcticcommunities as well. Currently,four other Eskimo settlements are producing prints.
自从1959年多塞特角的爱斯基摩人开始创作版画以来,他们的作品一直为全世界的艺术爱好者所喜闻乐见。这种创作的兴趣已经不限于“南部”,而是遍及北极各个村落。现在,其他四个居住地的爱斯基摩人也在制作版画了。
Cape Dorset is probably the best known of the printmaking communities. For a dozen years,prints of consistently high quality have been produced; successful experiments with stencils,etchings and engravings have addedvariety and interest; individual artists are and acclaim. As modern technology encroaches upon these formerly isolatedpeople, the prints have become a record of an earlier life style.
多塞特角可能是最有名的版画创作之乡了。多年来,这地方不断出有高质量的版画;不论蜡刻、蚀刻、雕刻,都是成果累累,作品丰富多彩,趣味横生;各路艺人都备受重视,为人赞许。现代技术逐渐渗入这些昔日与世隔绝的人们中间,这些版画也就成了他们早期生括方式的写照。
When one considers the limited means available to these artists, both in obtaining materialsand being exposed to print-making techniques, their success is indeed phenomenal. Graphicimages had been made by Eskimo artists prior to the advent of printmaking in the Arctic,usually in the form of incised figures and designs on ivory carvings, but the idea of reproducingan image many times on paper was totally new. James Houston, then Northern Affairs^v^ at Cape Dorset, and himself an artist, guided the Eskimo artists in their firstexperiment, and gradually a cooperative print shop was established.
想想这些艺术家工作受到多么大的限制——搞不到设备,不懂印刷技术,竟然能有如此成就,确实非同小可。爱斯基摩艺人在印刷术传到北极之前,就已有各种雕像之作,通常是把人物和图案雕刻在象牙上,但要在纸上多次复制同一图像,却是前所未闻。当时驻多塞特角的北部事务行政官詹姆斯·豪斯顿,本人就是一位艺术家,他指导爱斯基摩艺人初试其道,后来他们逐步建立起了一家合作性质的版画店。
Carving of the image on to a flat stone block was a natural step for artists accustomed toproducing stone carvings; drawing the images to be repro-duced was more radical. Many ofthe women, who were far ouf flumbered as carvers by the men, took readily to the newmedium, and soon drawingsfor possible translation into prints became a major artistic began to take a great interest in recording everyday activities on paper, the animals and birds which were the objects of the hunt and played such a centralrole in their existence, and drawing images of the spirits and strange creatures which peopledtheir mythology. Economic aspects played an important part, too, in the development of thisnew medium of artistic expression. For a people entering a new phase of civilization, it becamean absolute necessity to replace the older hunting economy with a new form of sale of carvings had, for thepast ten years, been an increasing source of income; thedevelopment of print-making techniques promised another means to survive economically.
把图像刻在平石板上,是制作石雕的艺术家习以为常的一个步骤:把图像描画下来,再复制出来,就非同寻常了。拿雕刻师来说,男人的数量本来远远超过妇女,但这时许多妇女也欣然从事这种新的工艺,于是描图制版很快成为一种主要的艺术活动。大家都开始热衷于把日常的活动记录在纸上:他们逼真地再现了各种飞禽走兽,这些都是猎物,在他们的生活中起着简直是核心的作用;他们还画出了许多精灵鬼怪的形象,这些又都是栖息在他们神话里的生灵。在这种新的艺术表现手段的发展过程中,经济方面也起了重要的作用。一个民族在进入文明的一个新阶段时,势必要用一种新的生存方式来取代旧的狩猎经济。在过去的十年中,出售雕刻品一直是增加收入的一个财源;发展制版工艺,提供了又一种赖以生存的经济手段。
The possibility of recording the old ways of life and the world of the spirits appealed especiallyto the older generation.
老一代人特别感兴趣的是如今可以把古老的生活方式和鬼怪世界记录下来了。
The recurring theme of monsters and spirits is not entirely the choice of . They have been encouraged to draw the old ways andto let their imagination runfree in conjuring up spirits, as these subjects areintensely interesting to southerners. Still, theidea of these fantastic crea-tures is a very real part of the Eskimo's spiritual heritage, andthey are asmuch a part of the old ways as was the nomadic existence in igloos andsHn tents.
精灵鬼怪的主题反复出现,并非完全出自艺术家本人的选择。。南方人”对这类题材极有兴趣,艺术家因而也受到鼓舞,情愿画。古老的方式”,任凭自己的想像力呼风唤雨,自由驰骋。不过,构思出这批稀奇古怪的生灵,正是爱斯基摩人精神生活中的一个极为真实的传统,它们构成了“古老的方式”的一个部分,犹如圆顶茅屋和兽皮帐篷体现了游牧生活一样。
Strange species of birds are another favourite subject of the Cape Dorsetartists.
千奇百怪的飞禽是多塞特角的艺术家所钟爱的又一个题材。
One of the marvellous things about carving and print maHng activities inthe Arctic is the numberof artists who take part-from young children tothe very old.
在北极,从事雕刻和版画创作活动的艺术家,下自少年儿童,上至耄耋老人,其人数之众多,蔚为一大奇观。
The old ways are all but gone, but the community spirit remains, support-ing new ideas andwelcoming new art forms without forgetting the heritageof the past.
“古老的方式”已经消失殆尽,但他们那种群体精神今犹长存,它不断支持新的思想,迎来新的艺术形式,而又保住往昔的传统,并不忘本。
What I believe, what I value most, is transitoriness.
But is not transitoriness - the perishableness of life - something very sad? No! It is the verysoul of existence. It imparts value, dignity, interest to life. Transitoriness creates time - and^v^time is the essence.^v^ Potentially at least, time is the supreme, most useful gift.
Time is related to - yes, identical with - everything creative and active, every process towarda higher goal.
Without transitoriness, without beginning or end, birth or death, there is no time, - in the sense of time never ending, never beginning - is a stagnant nothing. It isabsolutely uninteresting.
Life is possessed by tremendous tenacity. Even so its presence remains conditional, and asit had a beginning, so it will have an end. I believe that life, just for this reason, is exceedinglyenhanced in value, in charm.
One of the most important characteristics distinguishing man from all other forms of nature ishis knowledge of transitoriness, of beginning and end, and therefore of the gift of time.
In man transitory life attains its peak of animation, of soul power, so to speak. This does notmean alone would have a soul. Soul quality pervades all beings. But man's soul is most awakein his knowledge of the interchangeability of the term ^v^existence^v^ and ^v^transitoriness^v^.
To man time is given like a piece of land, as it were, entrusted to him for faithful tilling; a spacein which to strive incessantly, achieve self-realization, more onward and upward. Yes, with theaid of time, man becomes capable of wresting the immortal from the mortal.
Deep down, I believe - and deem such belief natural to every human soul - that in the universityprime significance must be attributed to this earth of ours. Deep down I believe that creation ofthe universe out of nothingness and of life out of inorganic state ultimately aimed at thecreation of man. I believe that man is meant as a great experiment whose possible failure ofman's own guilt would be paramount to the failure of creation itself.
Whether this belief be true or not, man would be well advised if he behaved as though it were.
没有短暂,没有开始与结束、生与死,时间也就不复存在。永恒是毫无意义的停滞,它意味着时间永远没有结束,也永远没有开始,绝对令人乏味。
短暂是我的信仰,也是我认为最重要的东西。
然而短暂,如生命的消逝,不是非常哀伤的事情吗?不!它正是生命存在的精髓。它赋予了生命价值、尊严和情趣。短暂创造了时间——而“时间正是其本质”。至少,时间是至高的,是最有用的礼物。
时间与所有富有创造力和活力的事物,及每一个达到更高目标的进步息息相关——是的,它甚至等同于这一切。
没有短暂,没有开始与结束、生与死,时间也就不复存在。永恒是毫无意义的停滞,它意味着时间永远没有结束,也永远没有开始,绝对令人乏味。
生命顽强无比。即便如此,它的存在也依赖于一定的条件,正如它有始亦有终。也因如此,我坚信,生命的价值与魅力将会不断地增长。
人同自然界其他事物之间最重要的区别之一就是,人懂得短暂、始与终,所以也了解时间是一种恩赐。
可以这么说,在人身上,短暂的生命达到了其活力与精神力量的巅峰。这并不是说只有人拥有灵魂。万物皆有灵性。但是对于“存在”与“短暂”的可互换性,只有人的大脑才能最清楚地意识到。
对于人类来说,时间就如赐予的一片土地,等待他去辛勤耕种;是一个让他不断奋斗进取,实现自我价值,不断前进向上的空间。是的,在时间的帮助下,人可以从有限的生命中获得永恒。
在内心深处,我相信宇宙中最为重要的当属我们的地球,并认为这样的信念存在于每一个人的心中。从内心深处,我相信混沌中宇宙的创造,无机中生命的萌芽,最终都是为了创造人类。我相信人类本身便是一项伟大的实验,它可能会因人类自身的罪恶而失败,但这也成为创造本身最主要的失败。
无论这个信仰是否真实,人类如果能依此行事,将会获得更为有益的忠告。
励志优美英语短篇阅读
New challenges require new ways of thinking
面对新挑战,要有新思路
Part car, part jet fighter, part spaceship, Bloodhound SSC aims to be the first land vehicle to break the 1,000mph barrier. One of the key challenges has been to design the wheels. How do you create the fastest wheels in history, make them stable and reliable at supersonic speeds, and with limited resources?
部分汽车、部分喷气式飞机、部分宇宙飞船,猎犬号超级汽车的目标是做世界上第一辆时速突破1000英里的汽车。而这面临的一项关键挑战是车轮的设计。如果换做是你,你会如何在有限的资源下发明出超音速汽车上用的轮子呢?
After much deliberation, and devising ideas that pushed the boundaries of material technology, Mark Chapman, chief engineer of the Bloodhound project said the team decided to take a step back and change the way they were trying to solve problems. “There’s very little we’ve actually developed that’s new,” he says, “what’s unique is how we apply technologies.”
猎犬号项目的总工程师马克·查普曼思来想去,觉得材料还是不够好。最后他和他的团队决定退回一步、换个角度看有没有别的办法。“我们实际创新的东西并不多”,马克说:“我们的独特之处在于应用技术的方式别具一格。”
They adopted an approach called the design of experiments – a mathematical technique of problem solving through doing lots of little experiments and then looking at the statistics all glued together. “All of a sudden, where we’d been knocking our head against the wall for maybe two, three, four months, we came up with a wheel design that would hold together and was strong enough,” he says.
他们采用实验设计的方法做了很多的小实验,综合所得的数据再得出精确设计。“花了三四个月绞尽脑汁做尽各种实验之后,很突然地我们做出了一个大胆的设计:把各种可用的(飞机、飞船所用的)技术都融合在一辆车上,从而使它足够强大。”马克说。
“Thank you for your application. We would like to congratulateyou,” the letter read. Those words can make your heart skip a beatand bring tears to your eyes. The feeling of following your dreamsis inexplicable and proof that all your hard work was worth it。
“感谢你的申请。我们要恭喜你,”信上写道。那些话能使你的心为之一颤,让你热泪盈眶。追随梦想的感受是难以言喻的,并且证明你所有的努力都是值得的。
It is a signpost in life, a trail marker. It is a day you willnever forget, the day you opened that envelope and your future wasrevealed. But what about all those days in-between—the ones thatmake and break you, the days that are nothing special。
那是人生中的一个标记,人生路上的里程碑。那是你永远不会忘记的日子,那天你打开那个信封,你的未来就随之展现。但是在你获得录取信之前的所有日子呢?那些使你成功也使你崩溃的日子,那些平平淡淡的日子。
Would you have received that acceptance letter had you notattended the college fair at your school? What if you had forgottento send an essay with your application, would you have beenrejected?
要是你那时没有参加学校的学院展,你还会收到录取信吗?如果当时在寄申请书的时候,你忘记附上一篇个人陈述,你会被拒绝吗?
In life, one step creates the next. Each day is of equalimportance, no matter how good or bad. There is no moment in lifethat does not matter. Regardless of how insignificant, each choice,each day, each idea, is the birth of the next. Something simple cancompletely reshape your life. It’s just like the Butterfly Effectand you never know what is at the end. To go back in time andchange one moment in the many that create your life could changeeverything that follows。
人生中,步步相随。无论好与坏,每一天都一样的重要。人生中没有一个时刻是无关紧要的。不管如何不值一提,每个选择、每一天、每个想法,都会引出下一步。简单的事情可以完全重塑你的人生。那就像是“蝴蝶效应”,你永远不知道最后的结果是什么。若回顾从前并改变创造你人生的众多时刻中的一个,随后的一切也会被改变。
If I’ve learned anything, it is that everything matters. You canstruggle through life in an attempt to create the perfect path, butthe truth is you will always wonder if it could have been is important and nothing need be changed—to climb up thehill may be difficult, but you’ll reach the top no matter whichpath you choose。
要是说我悟出什么道理,那就是任何事情都是重要的。你可以奋斗一生,试图创造完美的人生之路,但事实是你总是怀疑是否原本有更好的路可以走。每件事情都是重要的,任何事情都无需改变——攀山的过程可能是艰辛的,但无论你选择哪条道路,你终会到达顶峰。
I look at spiders and butter-flies . I watch caterpillars and moths . Sometimes I think I'm the only one who notices these things . But if it hadn't been for a crowded cafeteria , I wouldn't Have ever noticed Valeri . After all , I wasn't looking for new friends .
我观察蜘蛛和蝴蝶,还研究毛毛虫和飞蛾。有时,我想我是唯一注意这些事物的人了。要不是一家拥挤的自助餐厅,我将永远不会注意到瓦莱丽。毕竟,我一直都没有找新朋友。
Valeri was a new student . She walked to class with her books huddled against her chest and her head down . He talked only when the teacher asked her a question . After a month at our school , she hadn't made any friend . At recess , she sat on a bench and read . If you asked who she was , you'd get a response like this , ^v^She's in my PE class , I can't remenber her name .^v^
瓦莱丽是新来的学生。她总是将书抱在胸前,低着头走进教室。只有在老师提问她时,她才肯说话。她来我们学校一个月了,还没交到一个朋友。课间,她就坐在长椅上看书。如果你想知道她是谁,那你多半会得到这样的答复:“我和她在一起上体育课,但我不记得她叫什么。”
One day at lunch , I had nowhere to sit . Most tables were full , my friends scattered among them . But Valeri sat alone , book in hand , I walked over to her .
一天,吃午餐时,餐桌差不多都坐满了,我没地方坐了,我的朋友们都分散开了。但瓦莱丽拿着书一个人坐在那儿。于是,我朝她走了过去。
^v^May I sit here ?^v^I asked .
“我可以坐在这儿吗?”我问。
^v^Sure ,^v^she said .
“当然可以。”她说。
The cafeteria was noisy , but silence hung between us . Valeri didn't seem to mind , but it drove me crazy . I searched my mind for things to say .
餐厅里喧闹不已,而我们一直都沉默着。瓦莱丽好像并不在意,但我憋得受不了了。我绞尽脑汁,想找点话说。
^v^So,^v^I said , ^v^is that a good book?^v^Valeri gave a small nod and went back to reading . ^v^What's it about?^v^I asked , after several more agonizing seconds of silence . She looked at me , her eyes sparkling .
“呃,那本书很好看吧?”瓦莱丽轻轻的点了点头,又继续看书。“都写了些什么呢?”我问道。一阵令人恼火的沉默之后,她终于看着我,眼中闪出异样的光芒。
^v^Well , it's called Eragon , and it's about a dragon!This boy , Eragon , finds this dragon egg when he goes hunging one day . He thinks it's a rock !The egg hatches and Eragon hides the dragon from his cousin and uncle until it gets too big .^v^
“唔,它叫《龙骑士》,讲的是关于一条龙的故事!一天,一个名叫鄂尔根的男孩打猎时,发现了一枚龙蛋。他以为那是一块石头,但那枚龙蛋孵化出龙来,鄂尔根怕他的叔叔和堂兄发现,便把那条龙藏了起来,直到它长大。”
^v^That sounds cool.^v^I said. I was about to ask her another question,but the bell rang.
“听来真不错。”我说。我还想再问个问题,可上课铃响了。
As I rushed out of the cafeteria , I called to Valeri , ^v^See you later .^v^
我一边往餐厅外冲,一边对她大叫:“再见。”
^v^Yeah,^v^she said,^v^see you later.^v^She sounded doubtful .
“好的,”她说,“再见。”她的声音若有若无。
A couple days later , I spotted Valeri looking for a place to sit at lunch .
几天以后,我发现瓦莱丽正在找地方坐下来吃饭。
^v^Valeri , come here.^v^I pointed to an empty chair .
“瓦莱丽,来这里。”我指着一个空座位说。
She sat down and pulled out her book . Everyone was talking about next week's talent show . ^v^So ,what are you doing for the show? ^v^My friend Erin asked my friend Kelly .
她坐了下来,拿出书。当时,大家都在谈论下个星期的才艺展示会。“你打算表演什么?”我的朋友埃林和凯利交谈着。
^v^Oh,I don't know , probably nothing,^v^Kelly sighed .^v^What are you doing?^v^She pointed to Valeri.
“噢,我不知道,也许会放弃,”凯利叹着气,“你呢?”她问瓦莱丽。
^v^Oh.^v^Valeri put her book down .^v^I don't know . Maybe nothing.^v^
“噢,”瓦莱丽放下书,“我不知道,也许什么也不演。”
The week flew by . Before I knew it . I was sitting in the auditorium , listening to a group of girls sing the latest pop songs at the talent show . I was bored out of my life , and I wanted it to end so I could read Eragon . I'd checked it out at the library , Then a shy girl walked on stage . I recongized her immediately . Valeri clutched a violin in one hand and a bow in the other .
不知不觉中,周末就到了,我坐在会堂里,听一群女孩子唱当下最流行的歌曲,感觉却枯燥极了,真希望演唱快点结束,那样我就可以看《龙骑士》了,我在图书馆找到了这本书。这时,一个腼腆的女孩走上了舞台,我立刻认出了她------瓦莱丽。她一手抓着小提琴,一手拿着琴弓。
She stared to play . The notes formed a soft , weet tune . Then it turned fast , then faster . The music stopped altogether before the tune retumed . Valeri ended the song with one hard , fast , loud note . The auditorium fell completely silent until we realized the music was finished . Still in a halftrance , we burst into applause . Valeri took a swift bow and walked off stage .
她开始拉提琴了。一个个音符变成了柔和,优美的旋律,韵律逐渐加快,她越拉越急,音乐声戛然而止。乐曲在瓦莱丽拉出一串强硬,急速,洪亮的音符后归于沉寂。会堂里出奇的安静,过了一会儿,我们才意识到她已经演奏完了。仍陶醉于美妙中的我们对她报以雷鸣般的掌声。瓦莱丽快速地鞠了一躬,走下了舞台。
I smiled to myself . Valeri wasn't just a ^v^quiet girl^v^ .She knew about wonderful books and could play the violin like nothing I'd ever heard . Like a caterpillar or butterfly , she was beautiful and amazing when you looked closely .
我暗自微笑,原来瓦莱丽不仅仅是一个“安静的女孩”,她博览奇妙的好书,能拉出我闻所未闻的小提琴曲。她就像那毛毛虫或蝴蝶,当你靠近她,仔细的观察,你会发现,她有着惊人的美。
Most children like to eat meat, but I am one of them, I like to eat vegetable. The reasons I like vegetable are various, first, I like the color. When I see the green color, I will be very comfortable and have a good mood. Second, vegetable is good for my health, it contains all kinds of vitamins, the more I eat, the fitter I am.
大部分孩子喜欢吃肉,但是我却和他们不一样,我喜欢吃蔬菜。我喜欢吃蔬菜的原因有很多,第一,我喜欢蔬菜的颜色。当我看到绿色,我会感到很舒适,有一个好的心情。第二,蔬菜对我的健康有益,它包含了各种各样的维生素,我吃得越多蔬菜,就越健康。
艾莉森•汤普森家有三个孩子,三个孩子个个不同。一个是天赋异禀的小神童,一个是自闭症儿童,还有一个却在社交方面表现出众。艾莉森是怎样抚养他们的?她遇到了哪些困难?
当艾莉森•汤普森的儿子卡梅伦坐在电脑前完成他的数学学士学位课作业时,她忙着帮她的女儿埃玛穿好衣服。
很平常的场景,除了14岁的卡梅隆是一个非常有天赋的数学神童,而12岁的艾玛则是严重的自闭症患者。
艾莉森承认抚养两个反差很大的孩子有时是一个挑战。34岁的艾莉森是一个全职母亲,他同时还有一个10岁的女儿伯达尼。
艾玛总是及时获得帮助的那一个,而艾莉森和她的程序员丈夫罗德不得不为卡梅隆争取他所需要的支持。“大家都知道艾玛有特殊需要,但因为卡梅伦在学校表现优秀,他的老师从来没有想过他的问题。他们拒绝承认他是天才,”艾莉森说。
诚然,艾莉森和罗德也不是一开始就发现他们的儿子有什么不同。 “卡梅隆是我们的第一个孩子,我们真的没有什么可以比较。他的词汇量一直佷令人惊讶,我们知道他聪明,但在他的阶段性发展中,他没有提前很多,也有没有其他明显的迹象。“
直到他上小学,他的能力才变得明显。“过去一到回家的时候,他就哭,”艾莉森。 “他只是想学更多的知识。”
有一次,他甚至还纠正了老师。当老师告诉同学零是最小的数字时,卡梅伦告诉她,她错了,因为有负数。那时候他四岁。
七岁的卡梅伦与他的家人住在北威尔士最大的城市雷克瑟姆(Wrexham),那时候他已经远远超过他的同学。但很明显,他很患有阿斯伯格综合症,这是自闭症的一种形式。患有阿斯伯格综合症的儿童通常在社会交往上存在困难,还可能变得执着而顽固。
“他在学校不仅感到厌烦,还不知道什么时候应当保持安静,无法理解人际交流中的隐藏含义,”艾莉森说。她和罗德开始向学校施压,以求他们的儿子获得额外的帮助。
14岁的卡梅隆目前还在中学阶段,已经开始攻读开放大学函授数学学位。11岁他通过了GCSE课程,12岁通过A-level课程,并且都取得了优异的成绩。
毋庸置疑,这个清瘦、有魅力却有点古怪的青少年是有天赋的,但让当局承认他的需求却是一场艰苦的战斗。
“我不认为教师们知道该怎么教育一个有天赋的孩子,”艾莉森说。 “我们害怕被当作为爱出风头的父母,但希望孩子获得最好的教育这一点绝对没有错。老师认为是我们要求卡梅隆学数学,但实际上那是他主动要学的。”
他们的尝试受到打击,卡梅伦也成为了众矢之的,随后他们想到了家庭教育,但又觉得这不利于孩子社会化的培养。
到卡梅伦小学最后一年时,他已经开始无聊到捣乱了,所幸升学后那里的老师很看重他的天赋,并鼓励他学习高年级的数学。
“他在短短三个月内学完了GCSE课程教学大纲,”艾莉森说, “他似乎很久没那么高兴了。”
然后,他的父母不得不决定下一步做什么。一些天才儿童提前进入大学,但艾莉森和罗德觉得这样对卡梅伦不好。 “他与其他学生有什么共同点?”她问, “我只是不明白有些家长是如此雄心勃勃,却全然忘记了他们的孩子。^v^
“曾经又一位母亲告诉我,她5岁的女儿想要参加GCSE考试。我在想,这会是真的吗? 一个5岁的孩子真的了解GCSE是什么吗?当卡梅伦5岁时,他就想当一名火车司机。“
艾莉森承认,她对儿子的学位课程感到困惑。即使拥有数学学位的罗德也不见得能跟上。然而,他们很小心,从来不拿卡梅隆与他的妹妹们做比较。
伯达尼也很聪明,但算不上天赋异禀。善于交际、喜欢艺术的她会提醒心不在焉的卡梅隆把他的外套穿上,她还回在社交场合为哥哥解围。 “即使在一个空房间里,伯达尼也能交朋友,” 艾莉森骄傲地说, “有不同需求的兄弟姐妹,让她变得很包容。”
艾玛就读的是一所特殊学校,家里人也会即时为她的每一次成功庆祝。 “有一天,她自己系上了衣服上所有的扣子,这绝对是进步,”艾莉森说。
汤普森一家尝试着像正常家庭那样去生活。去年年底,他们参加了一个观察式电视纪录片的拍摄,向大家证明并不是所有的天才儿童都是过于雄心勃勃的父母造就的。同时是空手道棕带的卡梅伦很高兴参加这次纪录片拍摄,因为他一直想上电视。
“社会给了像艾玛这样的孩子许多帮助,但对于天才儿童几乎没有任何帮助,”艾莉森说。 “天才儿童也需要支持,但他们的生活并没有和其他人太不同。卡梅伦就是个例子。”
10 Biggest Puzzles of Human Evolution
NOBODY would mistake a human for a chimpanzee, yet we share more DNA than mice and rats do. How can that be? Advances in genomics are starting to unravel the mystery.
Line up the genomes of humans and chimps side by side and they differ by little more than 1 per cent. That may not seem like much, but it equates to more than 30 million point mutations. Around 80 per cent of our 30, 000 genes are affected, and although most have just one or two changes (Gene, vol 346, p 215), these can have dramatic effects. The protein made by the human geneFOXP2, which helps us to speak, differs from its chimp counterpart by just two amino acids, for example. And small changes in the microcephalin andASPM genes may underlie big differences in brain size between humans and chimps.
But protein evolution is only part of what makes us human. Also critical are changes in gene regulation - when and where genes are expressed during development - says James Noonan of Yale University. Mutations in key developmental genes are likely to be fatal. But, he says: ^v^Altering the expression of a gene in a single tissue or at a single time can more easily lead to an innovation that is not lethal.^v^ Noonan's lab is one of many that are busy comparing gene expression in tissues such as the brain to home in on the key regulatory difference between chimps and humans, most of which have still to be uncovered.
Then there's gene duplication. This can give rise to families of genes that diversify and take on new functions, says Evan Eichler at the University of Washington in Seattle. His lab has identified uniquely human gene families that affect many aspects of our biology, from the immune system to brain development. He suspects that gene duplication has contributed to the evolution of novel cognitive capacities in humans, but at a cost: greater susceptibility to neurological disorders.
Copying errors mean whole chunks of DNA have been accidentally deleted. Other chunks find themselves in new locations when mobile genetic elements jump around the genome or viruses integrate themselves into our DNA. The human genome contains more than 26, 000 of these so-called INDELs, many linked with differences in gene expression between humans and chimps (Mobile DNA, vol 2, p 13).
Even a complete catalogue of genetic differences will not solve the mystery. Much of what makes us human is cultural, passed from generation to generation by learning, says Ajit Varki at the University of California, San Diego. What's more, he says, The co-evolution of genes and culture is a major force in human evolution, famously leaving the descendents of dairy farmers able to digest milk protein, for example. To crack the mystery of human uniqueness we need to know how genomes build bodies and brains, how brains create culture, and how culture eventually feeds back to alter the genome. It remains a distant goal.
人类进化十大谜(之一):我们与黑猩猩:形不似而基因似?人类和黑猩猩外貌迥异,没有人会搞错,但这两者间的基因相似度却很高,高过野鼠和家鼠之间的基因相似度。这怎么可能呢?基因组学研究正在解开这个谜底。
把人类和黑猩猩的染色体组并排比较,二者差异略高于百分之一。看似不多,但却相当于三千多万的点突变。我们30,000个基因的约百分之八十都会受影响,尽管多数仅有一两处变异(见《基因》第346卷第215页),但影响可能十分巨大。比如,人类FOXP2基因所制造的蛋白质作用于我们的语言能力,只有两个氨基酸与黑猩猩的相应蛋白质不同。此外,微脑磷脂和ASPM基因里的细微差别可能决定了人类和黑猩猩大脑尺寸的巨大差异。
但是,蛋白质的进化只是造就人类的部分原因。耶鲁大学詹姆
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